Dyeing composition for keratinous fibres with a direct cationic coloring agent and a surfactant

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratinous fibres, in particular human keratinous fibers such as hair, comprising, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at least one cationic direct dye of a given formula, and which is characterized in that it contains, in addition, at least one anionic surfactant chosen from the group consisting of acyl isethionates, acyl taurates, sulphosuccinates, acyl sarcosinates, acyl glutamates, polyoxyalkylenated ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty glucamide sulphates, alkyl galactoside uronates, anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides and mixtures thereof. 
     The invention also relates to the dyeing methods and devices using it.

The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratinous fibres, inparticular human keratinous fibres such as hair, comprising, in anappropriate dyeing medium, at least one cationic direct dye of a givenformula, and at least one particular anionic surfactant.

The subject of the invention is also the dyeing methods and devicesusing the said composition.

In the hair domain, it is possible to distinguish two types of dyeing.

The first is the semipermanent or temporary dyeing, or direct dyeing,which involves dyes capable of bringing the natural colour of the hair amore or less marked colour modification which is resistant, whereappropriate, to several shampooings. These dyes are called direct dyes;they can be used with or without oxidizing agent. In the presence ofoxidizing agent, the aim is to obtain a lightening dyeing. Lighteningdyeing is performed by applying to the hair the fresh mixture of adirect dye and of an oxidizing agent and makes it possible in particularto obtain, by lightening of the melanin of the hair, an advantageouseffect such as a uniform colour in the case of grey hair or to make thecolour stand out in the case of naturally pigmented hair.

The second is permanent dyeing or oxidation dyeing. The latter isperformed with so-called “oxidation” dyes comprising oxidation dyeprecursors and couplers. The oxidation dye precursors, commonly called“oxidation bases” are compounds which are initially colourless orfaintly coloured which develop their dyeing power inside the hair in thepresence of oxidizing agents added at the time of use, leading to theformation of coloured and dyeing compounds. The formation of thesecoloured and dyeing compounds results either from an oxidativecondensation of the “oxidation bases” with themselves, or an oxidativecondensation of the “oxidation bases” with colour modifying compoundscommonly called “couplers” and generally present in the dyeingcompositions used in oxidation dyeing.

To vary the shades obtained with the said oxidation dyes, or to increasetheir shimmer, direct dyes are sometimes added to them.

Among the cationic direct dyes available in the field of dyeing ofkeratinous fibres, especially human keratinous fibres, compounds arealready known whose structure is developed in the text which follows;nevertheless, these dyes lead to colours which exhibit characteristicswhich are still inadequate from the point of view of the intensity andhomogeneity of the colour distributed along the fibre; it is said, inthis case, that the colour is too selective, and from the point of viewof fastness, in terms of resistance to various attacks to which the hairmay be subjected (light, adverse weather conditions, shampooings).

However, after major research studies carried out on this question, theapplicant has just now discovered that it is possible to obtain novelcompositions for dyeing keratinous fibres which are capable of givingintense and only slightly selective colours which are quite resistantnevertheless to the various attacks to which the hair may be subjected,by combining at least one particular anionic surfactant with at leastone cationic direct dye known in the prior art and which have therespective formulae defined hereinafter.

This discovery forms the basis of the present invention.

The first subject of the present invention is therefore a compositionfor dyeing keratinous fibres and in particular human keratinous fibressuch as hair, containing in an appropriate dyeing medium, (i) at leastone cationic direct dye whose structure corresponds to the formulae (I)to (IV) defined hereinafter, characterized in that it contains inaddition (ii) at least one particular anionic surfactant.

(i) The cationic direct dye which can be used according to the presentinvention is a compound chosen from those of the following formulae (I),(II), (III), (III′), (IV):

a) the compounds of the following formula (I):

 in which:

D represents a nitrogen atom or the —CH group,

R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom;a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical which may be substituted with a —CN, —OH or —NH₂radical or form with a carbon atom of the benzene ring an optionallyoxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing heterocycle which may besubstituted with one or more C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; a 4′-aminophenylradical,

R₃ and R′₃, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen orhalogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, acyano, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or acetyloxy radical,

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,methylsulphate and acetate,

A represents a group chosen from the following structures A₁ to A₁₉:

 in which R₄ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical which may be substitutedwith a hydroxyl radical and R₅ represents a C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical, withthe proviso that when D represents —CH, A represents A₄ or A₁₃ and R₃ isdifferent from an alkoxy radical, then R₁ and R₂ do not simultaneouslydenote a hydrogen atom;

b) the compounds of the following formula (II):

 in which:

R₆ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical,

R₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical which may be substitutedwith a —CN radical or with an amino group, a 4′-aminophenyl radical orforms with R₆ an optionally oxygen-containing and/or nitrogen-containingheterocycle which may be substituted with a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical,

R₈ and R₉, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom,a halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine, a C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical, a —CN radical,

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,methylsulphate and acetate,

B represents a group chosen from the following structures B1 to B6:

 in which R₁₀ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which areidentical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkylradical;

c) the compounds of the following formulae (III) and (III′):

 in which:

R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical, a halogen atomsuch as bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine or an amino radical,

R₁₄ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or forms with acarbon atom of the benzene ring a heterocycle which is optionallyoxygen-containing and/or substituted with one or more C₁-C₄ alkylgroups,

R₁ represents a hydrogen or halogen atom such as bromine, chlorine,iodine of fluorine,

R₁₆ and R₁₇, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atomor a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical,

D₁ and D₂, which are identical or different, represent a nitrogen atomor the —CH group,

m=0 or 1, it being understood that when R₁₃ represents an unsubstitutedamino group, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously represent a —CH group andm=0,

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride,methylsulphate and acetate,

E represents a group chosen from the following structures E1 to E8:

 in which R′ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical;

when m=0 and D₁ represents a nitrogen atom, then E may also denote agroup having the following structure E9:

 in which R′ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical,

d) the compounds of the following formula (IV):

G—N══N—J  (IV)

in which:

the symbol G represents a group chosen from the following structures G₁to G₃:

 in which structures G₁ to G₃,

R₁₈ denotes a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a phenyl radical which may besubstituted with a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or a halogen atom chosen fromchlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine;

R₁₉ denotes a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl radical;

R₂₀ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, represent a C₁-C₄ alkylradical, a phenyl radical, or form together in G₁ a benzene ring whichis substituted with one or more C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or NO₂radicals, or form together in G₂ a benzene ring which is optionallysubstituted with one or more C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or NO₂ radicals;

R₂₀ may denote, in addition, a hydrogen atom;

Z denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —NR₁₉ group;

M represents a group —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁-C₄ alkyl), or—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);

K represents a group —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁-C₄ alkyl), or—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r);

P represents a group —CH, —CR (R denoting C₁-C₄ alkyl), or—NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r denotes zero or 1;

R₂₂ represents an O⁻ atom, a C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical or a C₁-C₄ alkylradical;

R₂₃ and R₂₄, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen orhalogen atom chosen from chlorine,

bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄ alkoxyradical or an —NO₂ radical;

X⁻ represents an anion which is preferably chosen from chloride, iodide,methylsulphate, ethylsulphate, acetate and perchlorate;

with the proviso that

if R₂₂ denotes O⁻, then r denotes zero;

if K or P or M denote —N—(C₁-C₄ alkyl)X⁻, then R₂₃ or R₂₄ is differentfrom a hydrogen atom;

if K denotes —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r),′, then M=P=—CH, —CR;

if M denotes —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r), then K=P=—CH, —CR;

if P denotes —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r), then K=M and denote —CH or —CR;

if Z denotes a sulphur atom with R₂₁ denoting C₁-C₄ alkyl, then R₂₀ isdifferent from a hydrogen atom;

if Z denotes —NR₂₂ with R₁₉ denoting C₁-C₄ alkyl, then at least one ofthe R₁₈, R₂₀ or R₂₁, radicals of the group having the structure G₂ isdifferent from a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical;

the symbol J represents:

(a) a group having the following structure J₁:

 in which structure J₁,

R₂₅ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine,bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄ alkoxyradical, a radical —OH, —NO₂, —NHR₂₈, —NR₂₉R₃₀, —NHCO(C₁-C₄alkyl), orforms with R₂₆ a 5- or 6-membered ring containing or otherwise one ormore heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur;

R₂₆ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom chosen from chlorine,bromine, iodine and fluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical, orforms with R₂₇ or R₂₈ a 5- or 6-membered ring containing or otherwiseone or more heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur;

R₂₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an —OH radical, an —NHR₂₈ radical, an—NR₂₉R₃₀ radical;

R28 represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a phenylradical;

R₂₉ and R₃₀, which are identical or different, represent a C₁-C₄ alkylradical, a C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradical;

(b) a 5- or 6- membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle group which iscapable of containing other heteroatoms and/or carbonyl-containinggroups and which may be substituted with one or more C₁-C₄ alkyl, aminoor phenyl radicals,

and in particular a group having the following structure J₂:

in which structure J₂,

R₃₁ and R₃₂, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogenatom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a phenyl radical;

Y denotes the —CO— radical or the radical

n=0 or 1, with, when n denotes 1, U denotes the —CO— radical.

In the structures (I) to (IV) defined above, the C₁-C₄ alkyl or alkoxygroup preferably denotes methyl, ethyl, butyl, methoxy or ethoxy.

The cationic direct dyes of formulae (I), (II), (III) and (III′) whichcan be used in the dyeing compositions in accordance with the inventionare known compounds which are described, for example, in patentapplications WO 95/01772, WO 95/15144 and EP-A-0,714,954. Those offormula (IV) which can be used in the dyeing compositions in accordancewith the invention are known compounds which are described, for example,in patent applications FR-2,189,006, FR-2,285,851 and FR-2,140,205 andits certificates of addition.

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (I) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (I1) to (I54):

Among the compounds having the structures (I1) to (154) which aredescribed above, the compounds corresponding to the structures (I1),(I2), (I14) and (I31) are most particularly preferred.

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (II) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (II1) to (II9):

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (III) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (III1) to (III18):

Among the particular compounds having the structures (III1) to (III18)which are described above, the compounds corresponding to the structures(III4), (III5) and (III13) are most particularly preferred.

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (III′) which can be used inthe dyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds corresponding to the followingstructures (III′1) to (III′3):

Among the cationic direct dyes of formula (IV) which can be used in thedyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned more particularly the compounds having the followingstructures (IV)₁ to (IV)₇₇:

The cationic direct dye(s) used according to the invention preferablyrepresent from 0.001 to 10% by weight approximately of the total weightof the dyeing composition and still more preferably from 0.005 to 5% byweight approximately of this weight.

(ii) The anionic surfactant which can be used according to the presentinvention is chosen from the group consisting of:

(ii)₁—acyl isethionates;

(ii)₂—acyl taurates;

(ii)₃—sulphosuccinates;

(ii)₄—acyl sarcosinates;

(ii)₅—acyl glutamates;

(ii)₆—polyoxyethylenated ether carboxylic acids and their salts;

(ii)₇—fatty glucamide sulphates;

(ii)₈—alkyl galactoside uronates;

(ii)₉—anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides;

(ii)₁₀—mixtures thereof.

The preferred acyl isethionates (ii)₁ and acyl taurates (ii)₂ inaccordance with the invention correspond to the following generalstructure:

R¹—CH₂—CH₂—SO₃ ⁻M⁺  (V)

where R¹ denotes an R²COO group or an R²CONR³ group with R² denoting asaturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₈-C₃₀ aliphatic group andR³ denoting a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, and where Mdenotes H, ammonium, Na or K or an organic amine, in particularalkanolamine, residue.

The preferred sulphosuccinates (ii)₃ which can be used according to theinvention correspond to the following general structure:

where R² and M have the same meanings indicated above for formula (V).

The preferred acyl sarcosinates (ii)₄ and acyl glutamates (ii)₅ whichcan be used according to the invention correspond to the followinggeneral structure:

where R² and M have the same meanings indicated above for formula (V);

R⁴ denotes CH₃ and R⁵ denotes hydrogen-, or alternatively,

R⁴ denotes hydrogen and R⁵ denotes —CH₂CH₂COO⁻M⁺.

The polyoxyalkylenated ether carboxylic acids and their salts (ii)₆ inaccordance with the invention are preferably those comprising from 2 to50 ethylene oxide groups, and mixtures thereof. The anionic surfactantsof the polyoxyalkylenated ether carboxylic acid or salt type are inparticular those which correspond to the following formula (VIII):

R⁵OC₂H₄_(n)OCH₂COOA  (VIII)

in which:

R⁶ denotes an alkyl or alkylaryl group, and n is an integer or a decimalnumber (mean value) which may vary from 2 to 24 and preferably from 3 to10, the alkyl radical having between 6 and 20 carbon atomsapproximately, and aryl preferably denoting phenyl, A denotes H,ammonium, Na, K, Li, Mg or a monoethanolamine or triethanolamineresidue. It is also possible to use mixtures of compounds of formula(VIII), in particular mixtures in which the R6 groups are different.

Compounds of formula (VIII) are sold for example by the company KAOunder the names AKYPOS (NP40, NP70, OP40, OP80, RLM25, RLM38, RLMQ 38NV, RLM 45, RLM 45 NV, RLM 100, RLM 100 NV, RO 20, RO 90, RCS 60, RS 60,RS 100, RO 50) or by the company SANDOZ under the names SANDOPAN (DTCAcid, DTC).

The fatty glucamide sulphates (ii)₇ which can be used according to theinvention are those described in patent application DE-4443645, thecontent of which forms an integral part of the description.

The alkyl galactoside uronates (ii)₈ which can be used according to theinvention are those described in patent EP-B-0,701,430, the content ofwhich forms an integral part of the description.

The anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucoside (ii)₉ are preferablychosen from:

alkyl polyglucoside sulphates or sulphonates or mixtures thereof;

alkyl polyglucoside ether carboxylates;

alkyl polyglucoside sulphosuccinates;

alkyl polyglucoside isethionates;

alkyl polyglucoside phosphates.

These anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucoside are in particulardescribed in applications DE-3918135, DE-4021760, DE-4239390,DE-4336803, DE-4337035 and patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,001,004.

The anionic surfactants (ii) used according to the invention preferablyrepresent from 0.05 to 30% by weight approximately of the total weightof the dyeing composition and still more preferably from 0.1 to 15% byweight approximately of this weight.

The appropriate dyeing medium (or carrier) generally consists of wateror of a mixture of water and of at least one organic solvent forsolubilizing the compounds which would not be sufficiently soluble inwater. As organic solvent, there may be mentioned for example the C₁-C₄lower alkanols such as ethanol and isopropanol, the aromatic alcoholssuch as benzyl alcohol as well as similar products and mixtures thereof.

The solvents may be present in proportions preferably of between 1 and40% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dyeingcomposition, and still more preferably between 5 and 30% by weightapproximately.

The pH of the dyeing composition in accordance with the invention isgenerally between 2 and 11 approximately, and preferably between 5 and10 approximately. It may be adjusted to the desired value by means ofacidifying or alkalinizing agents normally used in dyeing keratinousfibres.

Among the acidifying agents, there may be mentioned, by way of example,the inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid,orthophosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, carboxylic acids such as aceticacid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sulphonic acids.

Among the alkalinizing agents, there may be mentioned, by way ofexample, aqueous ammonia, alkali metal carbonates, alkanolamines such asmono-, di- and triethanolamines as well as derivatives thereof, sodiumor potassium hydroxides and the compounds having the following formula(VIII):

in which W is a propylene residue which is optionally substituted with ahydroxyl group or a C₁-C₆ alkyl radical; R⁷, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰, which areidentical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆ alkyl radicalor a C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl radical.

The dyeing composition in accordance with the invention may, in additionto the cationic direct dye(s) (i) defined above, contain one or moreadditional direct dyes which may for example be chosen from thenitrobenzene dyes, theanthraquinone dyes, the naphthoquinone dyes, thetriarylmethane dyes, the xanthene dyes, the noncationic azo dyes.

When it is intended for oxidation dyeing, the dyeing composition inaccordance with the invention contains, in addition to the cationicdirect dye(s) (i), one or more oxidation bases chosen from the oxidationbases conventionally used for oxidation dyeing and among which there maybe mentioned in particular the para-phenylenediamines, thebis-phenylalkylenediamines, the para-aminophenols, theortho-aminophenols and the heterocyclic bases. When they are used, theoxidation base(s) preferably represent from 0.0005 to 12% by weightapproximately of the total weight of the dyeing composition, and stillmore preferably from 0.005 to 6% by weight approximately of this weight.

When it is intended for oxidation dyeing, the dyeing composition inaccordance with the invention may also contain, in addition to thecationic direct dye (i) and the anionic surfactant (ii) as well asoxidation bases, one or more couplers so as to modify or increase theshimmer of the shades obtained using the cationic direct dye(s) (i) andthe oxidation base(s).

The couplers which can be used in the dyeing composition in accordancewith the invention may be chosen from the couplers conventionally usedin oxidation dyeing and among which there may be mentioned in particularthe meta-phenylenediamines, the meta-aminophenols, the meta-diphenolsand the heterocyclic couplers.

When they are present, the coupler(s) preferably represent from 0.0001to 10%. by weight approximately of the total weight of the dyeingcomposition and still more preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weightapproximately of this weight.

The dyeing composition in accordance with the invention may also containvarious adjuvants which are conventionally used in hair-dyeingcompositions, such as antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestrants,perfumes, buffers, dispersing agents, film-forming agents, ceramides,preservatives, screening agents and opacifying agents.

Of course, persons skilled in the art will be careful to choose this orthese optional additional compounds such that the advantageousproperties intrinsically attached to the dyeing composition inaccordance with the invention are not, or not substantially, altered bythe addition(s) envisaged.

The dyeing composition according to the invention may be provided invarious forms, such as in the form of liquids, shampoos, creams, gels,or in any other form appropriate for dyeing keratinous fibres, and inparticular human hair. It may be obtained by freshly mixing acomposition, which is optionally pulverulent, containing the cationicdirect dye(s) with a composition containing the anionic surfactant.

When the combination of the cationic direct dye (i) and of the anionicsurfactant (ii) according to the invention is used in a compositionintended for oxidation dyeing (one or more oxidation bases are thenused, optionally in the presence of one or more couplers) or when it isused in a composition intended for direct lightening dyeing, then thedyeing composition in accordance with the invention contains, inaddition, at least one oxidizing agent chosen for example from hydrogenperoxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts such theperborates and persulphates, and enzymes such as peroxidases, laccasesand oxidoreductases containing two electrons. The use of hydrogenperoxide or of enzymes is particularly preferred.

Another subject of the invention is a method of dyeing keratinous fibresand in particular human keratinous fibres such as hair using the dyeingcomposition as defined above.

According to a first variant of this dyeing method in accordance withthe invention, at least one dyeing composition as defined above isapplied to the fibres for a sufficient time to develop the desiredcolour, after which they are rinsed, optionally washed with shampoo,rinsed again and dried.

The time necessary for the development of the colour on the keratinousfibres is generally between 3 and 60 minutes and still more preferably 5and 40 minutes.

According to a second variant of this dyeing method in accordance withthe invention, at least one dyeing composition as defined above isapplied to the fibres for a sufficient time to develop the desiredcolour, with no final rinsing.

According to a particular embodiment of this dyeing method, and when thedyeing composition in accordance with the invention contains at leastone oxidation base and at least one oxidizing agent, the dyeing methodcomprises a preliminary stage consisting of storing in a separate form,on the one hand, a composition (A1) comprising, in an appropriate dyeingmedium, at least one cationic direct dye (i) as defined above and atleast one oxidation base and, on the other hand, a composition (B1)containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at least one oxidizingagent, and then mixing them at the time of use before applying thismixture to the keratinous fibres, the composition (A1) or thecomposition (B1) containing the anionic surfactant (ii) as definedabove.

According to another particular embodiment of this dyeing method, andwhen the dyeing composition in accordance with the invention contains atleast one oxidizing agent, the dyeing method comprises a preliminarystage consisting of storing in a separate form, on the one hand, acomposition (A2) comprising, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at leastone cationic direct dye (i) as defined above and, on the other hand, acomposition (B2) containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium, at leastone oxidizing agent, and then mixing them at the time of use beforeapplying this mixture to the keratinous fibres, the composition (A2) orthe composition (B2) containing the anionic surfactant as defined above.

Another subject of the invention is a multicompartment device or dyeing“kit” or any other multicompartment packaging system in which a firstcompartment contains composition (A1) or (A2) as defined above and asecond compartment contains composition (B1) or (B2) as defined above.These devices may be equipped with a means allowing the desired mixtureto be delivered to the hair, such as the devices described in patentFR-2,586,913 in the applicant's name.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without,however, limiting the scope thereof.

EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 5

The five direct dyeing compositions which are assembled in the followingtable were prepared: (all contents expressed in grams)

Example Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 4 5 Cationic direct dye of0.2 formula (I1) Cationic direct dye of 0.2 formula (I14) Cationicdirect dye of 0.15 formula (I31) Cationic direct dye of 0.12 formula(IV)₁₀ Cationic direct dye of 0.10 formula (IV)₂₇ Triethanolamine cocoyl5.0 AS* glutamate sold under the name ACYLGLUTAMATE CT12 by the companyAJINOMOTO Sodium lauroyl 5.0 AS* sarcosinate sold under the name ORAMIXL30 by the company SEPPIC Sodium cocoyl 5.0 AS* isethionate sold underthe name JORDAPON CI POWDER by the company PPG Lauryl ether 5.0 AS*carboxylic acid containing 10 EO sold under the name AKYPO RLM 100 bythe company KAO Sodium salt of 5.0 AS* tartaric ester of cocoylpolyglucoside sold under the name GUCAROL AGE ET by the companyCESALPINA Ethanol 10 10 10 10 10 2-Amino-2-methyl-1- pH 9 pH 9 pH 9 pH 9pH 9 propanol qs Demineralized 100 100 100 100 100 water qs AS* denotesActive Substance

The above compositions were each applied for 30 minutes to locks ofnatural grey hair which is 90% white. The hair locks were then rinsed,washed with a standard shampoo and then dried.

The locks were dyed in the following shades:

Examples Shades obtained 1 dark red 2 dark orange 3 dark violet 4 darkred 5 dark purple

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition for dyeing keratinous fibers,comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing, (i) at least one cationicdirect dye; and (ii) at least one anionic surfactant;  wherein said atleast one cationic direct dye is chosen from: (A) compounds of formula(I) below:

 in which: D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; R₁ and R₂,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom;C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from a —CN radical, an —OH radical, and an —NH₂radical; and a 4′-aminophneyl radical; or form, with each other or witha carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (1), a heterocycle, whichoptionally contains an oxygen heteroatom or a nitrogen heteroatom andwherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ radicals; R₃ and R′₃, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and acetyloxy radicals; X⁻is an anion; A is chosen from structures A₁ to A₁₉ below:

 in which: R₄ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which areunsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and R₅ is chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;  with the proviso that when D is —CH, when Ais A₄ or A₁₃, and when R₃ is different from an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂ do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom; (B) compounds offormula (II) below:

 in which: R₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals;R₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; alkyl radicals which may beunsubstituted or substituted with a —CN radical or an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical; or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle whichoptionally contains at least one oxygen heteroatom or nitrogenheteroatom and wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₈ and R₉,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a —CN radical; X⁻ is ananion; B is chosen from structures B1 to B6 below:

 in which: R₁₀ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₁₁ and R₁₂, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; (C) compounds of formulae (III) or (III′) below:

 in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, and anamino radical; R₁₄ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, aheterocycle which optionally contains an oxygen heteroatom and whereinsaid heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group; R₁₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom; R₁₆ and R₁₇, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; D₁ and D₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; m is an integer that equals0 or 1; X⁻ is an anion;  wherein, when R₁₃ is an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are a —CH group, and m is 0; and Eis chosen from structures E1 to E8 below:

 in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; wherein, when m equals0, and when D₁ is a nitrogen atom, then E may also be chosen fromstructure E9:

 in which: R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; and (D) compounds offormula (IV) below: G—N═N—J  (IV)  in which: G is a group chosen fromstructures G₁ to G₃:

 in which: R₁₈ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radicalwhich is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorineatom, and an iodine atom; R₁₉ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and aphenyl radical; R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, arechosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical; or form, togetherin G₁, a benzene ring which is substituted with at least one radicalchosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a NO₂radical; or form, together in G₂, a benzene ring which is unsubstitutedor substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and NO₂ radicals; and R₂₀ may also bechosen from a hydrogen atom; Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphuratom, and —NR₁₉ radicals; M, K, and P, each independently of the other,are chosen from —CH, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl), and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r is 0 or 1; R₂₂is chosen from an O⁻ atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; R₂₃ and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, afluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and an —NO₂radical; X⁻ is an anion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) structures of J₁below:

 in which: R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, a —NO₂ radical, —NHR₂₈ radicals,—NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals, and —NHCO(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radicals; or forms, with R₂₆,a 5- or 6-member ring which optionally contains at least one heteroatomchosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₆ ischosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodineatom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;or forms, with R₂₇ or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-member ring which optionallycontains at least one heteroatom chosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogenatom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OHradical, —NHR₂₈ radicals, and —NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals; R₂₈ is chosen from ahydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals,C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; and R₂₉ and R₃₀,which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₂C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradicals; and (b) wherein J is further chosen from 5- and 6- membernitrogen-containing heterocycle groups which optionally contain at leastone heteroatom and/or at least one carbonyl-containing group and whereinsaid heterocycle may be substituted or unsubstituted with at least onesubstituent chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, an amino radical, and aphenyl radical; and  wherein said at least one anionic surfactant ischosen from: (ii)₁—polyoxyethylenated ether carboxylic acids and saltsthereof; (ii)₂—fatty glucamide sulphates; (ii)₃—alkyl galactosideuronates; and (ii)₄—anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides.
 2. Acomposition according to claim 1, wherein said keratinous fibers arechosen from human keratinous fibers.
 3. A composition according to claim1, wherein said keratinous fibers are hairs.
 4. A composition accordingto claim 1, wherein, in the definition of compounds of formula (I),(II), (III), and (III′), said anions X⁻ are chosen from chloride, methylsulphate, and acetate.
 5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein,in the definition of compounds of formula (IV), X⁻ is chosen fromchloride, iodide, methylsulphate, ethylsulphate, acetate, andperchlorate.
 6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein, in thedefinition of J, said 5- and 6-member nitrogen-containing heterocyclegroups are chosen from structure J₂ below:

in which: R₃₁, and R₃₂, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; Y ischosen from a —CO— radical and the radical

and n equals 0 or 1; wherein when n equals 1, then U is a —CO— radical.7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula(I) are chosen from structures (I1) to (I54) below:


8. A composition according to claim 7, wherein the compounds of formula(I) are chosen form chosen from structures (I1), (I2), (I14), and (I31).9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula(II) are chosen from structures (II1) to (II9) below:


10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula(III) are chosen from structures (III1) to (III18):


11. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the compounds offormula (III) are chosen from structures (III4), (III5) and (III13). 12.A composition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula(III′) are chosen from structures (III′1) to (III′3):


13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula(IV) are chosen from structures (IV)₁ to (IV)₇₇:


14. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said at least onecationic direct dye is present in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 10percent by weight of the total weight of said composition.
 15. Acomposition according to claim 14, wherein said amount ranges from 0.005to 5 percent.
 16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said atleast one anionic surfactant is chosen from (ii)₆—polyoxyalkylenatedether carboxylic acids and salts thereof and contains from 2 to 50ethylene oxide groups.
 17. A composition according to claim 16, whereinsaid (ii)₆—polyoxyalkylenated ether carboxylic acids and salts thereofare represented by formula (VII) below: R⁶(—OC₂H₄)_(n)OCH₂COOA  (VII) inwhich: R⁶ is chosen from C₆-C₂₀ alkyl groups and (C₆-C₂₀)alkylarylgroups; n is an integer or a decimal number, wherein the mean value of nranges from 2 to 24; and A is chosen from H, ammonium, Na, K, Li, Mg, amonoethanolamine residue, and a triethanolamine residue.
 18. Acomposition according to claim 17, wherein the mean value of n rangesfrom 3 to
 10. 19. A composition according to claim 17, wherein, in thedefinition of R⁶, said (C₆-C₂₀)alkylaryl groups are chosen from(C₆-C₂₀)alkylphenyl groups.
 20. A composition according to claim 1,wherein said at least one anionic surfactant chosen from (ii)₉—anioniccompounds of alkyl polyglucoside are chosen from: alkyl polyglucosidesulphates; alkyl polyglucoside sulphonates; alkyl polyglucoside ethercarboxylates; alkyl polyglucoside sulphosuccinates; alkyl polyglucosideisethionates; and alkyl polyglucoside phosphates.
 21. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said at least one anionic surfactant ispresent in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 30 percent by weight of thetotal weight of said composition.
 22. A composition according to claim21, wherein said amount ranges from 0.1 to 15 percent.
 23. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said medium suitable for dyeing is wateror a mixture of water and at least one organic solvent.
 24. Acomposition according to claim 1, wherein said composition has a pHhaving a value ranging from 2 to
 11. 25. A composition according toclaim 24, wherein said value ranges from 5 to
 10. 26. A compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprising atleast one oxidation base chosen from the para-phenylenediamines,bis-phenylalkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenols, andheterocyclic bases.
 27. A composition according to claim 26, whereinsaid at least one oxidation base is present in an amount ranging from0.0005 to 12 percent by weight of the total weight of said composition.28. A composition according to claim 27, wherein said amount ranges from0.005 to 6 percent.
 29. A composition according to claim 26, furthercomprising at least one coupler chosen from meta-phenylenediamines,meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, and the heterocyclic couplers.
 30. Acomposition according to claim 29, wherein said at least one coupler ispresent in an amount ranging from 0.0001 to 10 percent by weight of thetotal weight of said composition.
 31. A composition according to claim30, wherein said amount ranges from 0.005 to 5 percent.
 32. Acomposition according to claim 29, further comprising at least oneoxidizing agent.
 33. A method for dyeing keratinous fibers, comprisingapplying to said keratinous fibers for a time sufficient to develop adesired coloration, a composition comprising, in a medium suitable fordyeing, (i) at least one cationic direct dye; and (ii) at least oneanionic surfactant;  wherein said at least one cationic direct dye ischosen from: (A) compounds of formula (I) below:

 in which: D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; R₁ and R₂,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom;C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from a —CN radical, an —OH radical, and an —NH₂radical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical; or form, with each other or witha carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (I), a heterocycle, whichoptionally contains an oxygen heteroatom or a nitrogen heteroatom andwherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ radicals; R₃ and R′₃, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and acetyloxy radicals; X⁻is an anion; A is chosen from structures A₁ to A₁₉ below:

 in which: R₄ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which areunsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and R₅ is chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;  with the proviso that when D is —CH, when Ais A₄ or A₁₃, and when R₃ is different from an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂ do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom; (B) compounds offormula (II) below:

 in which: R₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals;R₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; alkyl radicals which may beunsubstituted or substituted with a —CN radical or an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical; or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle whichoptionally contains at least one oxygen heteroatom or nitrogenheteroatom and wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₈ and R₉,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a —CN radical; X⁻ is ananion; B is chosen from structures B1 to B6 below:

 in which: R₁₀ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₁₁ and R₁₂, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; (C) compounds of formulae (III) or (III′) below:

 in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, and anamino radical; R₁₄ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, aheterocycle which optionally contains an oxygen heteroatom and whereinsaid heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group; R₁₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom; R₁₆ and R₁₇, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; D₁ and D₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; m is an integer that equals0 or 1; X⁻ is an anion; wherein, when R₁₃ is an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are a —CH group, and m is 0; and Eis chosen from structures E1 to E8 below:

 in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; wherein, when m equals0, and when D₁ is a nitrogen atom, then E may also be chosen fromstructure E9:

 in which: R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; and (D) compounds offormula (IV) below: G—N═N—J  (IV)  in which: G is a group chosen fromstructures G₁ to G₃:

 in which: R₁₈ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radicalwhich is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorineatom, and an iodine atom; R₁₉ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and aphenyl radical; R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, arechosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical; or form, togetherin G₁, a benzene ring which is substituted with at least one radicalchosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a NO₂radical; or form, together in G₂, a benzene ring which is unsubstitutedor substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and NO₂ radicals; and R₂₀ may also bechosen from a hydrogen atom; Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphuratom, and —NR₁₉ radicals; M, K, and P, each independently of the other,are chosen from —CH, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl), and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r is 0 or 1; R₂₂is chosen from an O⁻ atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; R₂₃ and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, afluorine atom, C₁C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and an —NO₂radical; X⁻ is an anion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) structures of J₁below:

 in which: R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, a —NO₂ radical, —NHR28 radicals,—NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals, and —NHCO(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radicals; or forms, with R₂₆,a 5- or 6-member ring which optionally contains at least one heteroatomchosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₆ ischosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodineatom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;or forms, with R₂₇ or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-member ring which optionallycontains at least one heteroatom chosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogenatom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OHradical, —NHR₂₈ radicals, and —NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals; R₂₈ is chosen from ahydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals,C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; and R₂₉ and R₃₀,which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₂-C₄ olyhydroxyalkylradicals; and (b) wherein J is further chosen from 5- and 6-membernitrogen-containing heterocycle groups which optionally contain at leastone heteroatom and/or at least one carbonyl-containing group and whereinsaid heterocycle may be substituted or unsubstituted with at least onesubstituent chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, an amino radical, and aphenyl radical; and  wherein said at least one anionic surfactant ischosen from: (ii)₁—polyoxyethylenated ether carboxylic acids and saltsthereof; (ii)₂—fatty glucamide sulphates; (ii)₃—alkyl galactosideuronates; and (ii)₄—anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides.
 34. Amethod according to claim 33, wherein said keratinous fibers are chosenfrom human keratinous fibers.
 35. A method according to claim 34,wherein said human keratinous fibers are hairs.
 36. A method accordingto claim 33, further comprising thereafter rinsing said keratinousfibers after applying said composition thereon.
 37. A method accordingto claim 36, further comprising washing said keratinous fibers with ashampoo after said rinsing.
 38. A method according to claim 37, furthercomprising rinsing again said keratinous fibers after said washing. 39.A method according to claim 38, further comprising drying saidkeratinous fibers.
 40. A method for dyeing keratinous fibers,comprising: separately storing a first composition and a secondcomposition; mixing said first composition with said second compositionbefore applying the resultant mixture to said keratinous fibers; andapplying said mixture to said keratinous fibers; wherein said firstcomposition comprises, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least onecationic direct dye and at least one oxidation base; wherein said secondcomposition comprises, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least oneoxidizing agent; wherein either said first composition or said secondcomposition comprises at least one anionic surfactant chosen from:(ii)₁—polyoxyethylenated ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof;(ii)₂—fatty glucamide sulphates; (ii)₁—alkyl galactoside uronates; and(ii)₂—anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides;  wherein said atleast one cationic direct dye is chosen from: (A) compounds of formula(I) below:

 in which: D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; R₁ and R₂,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom;C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from a —CN radical, an —OH radical, and an —NH₂radical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical; or form, with each other or witha carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (I), a heterocycle, whichoptionally contains an oxygen heteroatom or a nitrogen heteroatom andwherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ radicals; R₃ and R′₃, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and acetyloxy radicals; X⁻is an anion; A is chosen from structures A₁ to A₁₉ below:

 in which: R₄ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which areunsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and R₅ is chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals; with the proviso that when D is —CH, when Ais A₄ or A₁₃, and when R₃ is different from an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂ do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom; (B) compounds offormula (II) below:

 in which: R₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals;R₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; alkyl radicals which may beunsubstituted or substituted with a —CN radical or an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical; or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle whichoptionally contains at least one oxygen heteroatom or nitrogenheteroatom and wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₈ and R₉,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a —CN radical; X⁻ is ananion; B is chosen from structures B1 to B6 below:

 in which: R₁₀ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₁₁ and R₁₂, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; (C) compounds of formulae (III) or (III′) below:

 in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, and anamino radical; R₁₄ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, aheterocycle which optionally contains an oxygen heteroatom and whereinsaid heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group; R₁₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom; R₁₆ and R₁₇, which maybe identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; D₁ and D₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; m is an integer that equals0 or 1; X⁻ is an anion; wherein, when R₁₃ is an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are a —CH group, and m is 0; and Eis chosen from structures E1 to E8 below:

 in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; wherein, when m equals0, and when D₁ is a nitrogen atom, then E may also be chosen fromstructure E9:

 in which: R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; and (D) compounds offormula (IV) below: G—N═N—J  (IV)  in which: G is a group chosen fromstructures G₁ to G₃:  in which:

R₁₈ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical which isunsubstituted or substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, and aniodine atom; R₁₉ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenylradical; R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical; or form, together in G₁,a benzene ring which is substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a NO₂ radical; orform, together in G₂, a benzene ring which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and NO₂ radicals; and R₂₀ may also be chosen froma hydrogen atom; Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom, and—NR₁₉ radicals; M, K, and P, each independently of the other, are chosenfrom —CH, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl), and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r is 0 or 1; R₂₂ is chosenfrom an O⁻ atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₂₃and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogenatom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and an —NO₂ radical; X⁻ isan anion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) structures of J₁ below:

 in which: R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, a —NO₂ radical, —NHR₂₈ radicals,—NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals, and —NHCO(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals; or forms, with R₂₆, a5- or 6-member ring which optionally contains at least one heteroatomchosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₆ ischosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodineatom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;or forms, with R₂₇ or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-member ring which optionallycontains at least one heteroatom chosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogenatom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OHradical, —NHR₂₈ radicals, and —NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals; R₂₈ is chosen from ahydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals,C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; and R₂₉ and R₃₀,which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradicals; and (b) wherein J is further chosen from 5- and 6-membernitrogen-containing heterocycle groups which optionally contain at leastone heteroatom and/or at least one carbonyl-containing group and whereinsaid heterocycle may be substituted or unsubstituted with at least onesubstituent chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, an amino radical, and aphenyl radical.
 41. A method according to claim 7, wherein saidkeratinous fibers are chosen from human keratinous fibers.
 42. A methodaccording to claim 7, wherein said human keratinous fibers are hairs.43. A method for dyeing keratinous fibers, comprising: separatelystoring a first composition and a second composition; mixing said firstcomposition with said second composition before applying the resultantmixture to said keratinous fibers; and applying said mixture to saidkeratinous fibers; wherein said first composition comprises, in a mediumsuitable for dyeing, at least one cationic direct dye; wherein saidsecond composition comprises, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at leastone oxidizing agent; wherein either said first composition or saidsecond composition comprises at least one anionic surfactant chosenfrom: (ii)₁—polyoxyethylenated ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof;(ii)₂—fatty glucamide sulphates; (ii)₃—alkyl galactoside uronates; and(ii)₄—anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglucosides;  wherein said atleast one cationic direct dye is chosen from: (A) compounds of formula(I) below:

 in which: D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; R₁ and R₂,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom;C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from a —CN radical, an —OH radical, and an —NH₂radical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical; or form, with each other or witha carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (I), a heterocycle, whichoptionally contains an oxygen heteroatom or a nitrogen heteroatom andwherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ radicals; R₃ and R′₃, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and acetyloxy radicals; X⁻is an anion; A is chosen from structures A₁ to A₁₉ below:

 in which: R₄ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which areunsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and R₅ is chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals; with the proviso that when D is —CH, when Ais A₄ or A₁₃, and when R₃ is different from an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂ do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom; (B) compounds offormula (II) below:

 in which: R₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals;R₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; alkyl radicals which may beunsubstituted or substituted with a —CN radical or an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical; or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle whichoptionally contains at least one oxygen heteroatom or nitrogenheteroatom and wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₈ and R₉,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a —CN radical; X⁻ is ananion; B is chosen from structures B1 to B6 below:

 in which: R₁₀ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₁₁ and R₁₂, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; (C) compounds of formulae (III) or (III′) below:

 in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, and anamino radical; R₁₄ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, aheterocycle which optionally contains an oxygen heteroatom and whereinsaid heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group; R₁₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom; R₁₆ and R₁₇, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; D₁ and D₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; m is an integer that equals0 or 1; X⁻ is an anion; wherein, when R₁₃ is an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are a —CH group, and m is 0; and Eis chosen from structures E1 to E8 below:

 in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; wherein, when m equals0, and when D₁ is a nitrogen atom, then E may also be chosen fromstructure E9:

 in which: R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; and (D) compounds offormula (IV) below: G—N═N—J  (IV)  in which: G is a group chosen fromstructures G₁ to G₃:

 in which: R₁₈ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radicalwhich is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorineatom, and an iodine atom; R₁₉ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and aphenyl radical; R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, arechosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical; or form, togetherin G₁, a benzene ring which is substituted with at least one radicalchosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a NO₂radical; or form, together in G₂, a benzene ring which is unsubstitutedor substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and NO₂ radicals; and R₂₀ may also bechosen from a hydrogen atom; Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphuratom, and —NR₁₉ radicals; M, K, and P, each independently of the other,are chosen from —CH, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl), and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r is 0 or 1; R₂₂is chosen from an O⁻ atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; R₂₃ and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, afluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and an —NO₂radical; X⁻ is an anion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) structures of J₁below:

 in which: R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, a —NO₂ radical, —NHR₂₈ radicals,—NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals, and —NHCO(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals; or forms, with R₂₆, a5- or 6-member ring which optionally contains at least one heteroatomchosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₆ ischosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodineatom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;or forms, with R₂₇ or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-member ring which optionallycontains at least one heteroatom chosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogenatom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OHradical, —NHR28 radicals, and —NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals; R₂₈ is chosen from ahydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals,C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; and R₂₉ and R₃₀,which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradicals; and (b) wherein J is further chosen from 5- and 6-membernitrogen-containing heterocycle groups which optionally contain at leastone heteroatom and/or at least one carbonyl-containing group and whereinsaid heterocycle may be substituted or unsubstituted with at least onesubstituent chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, an amino radical, and aphenyl radical.
 44. A method according to claim 43, wherein saidkeratinous fibers are chosen from human keratinous fibers.
 45. A methodaccording to claim 44, wherein said human keratinous fibers are hairs.46. A multicompartment dyeing kit, comprising a first compartmentcontaining a first composition and a second compartment containing asecond composition; wherein said first composition comprises, in amedium suitable for dyeing, at least one cationic direct dye and atleast one oxidation base; wherein said second composition comprises, ina medium suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent; whereineither said first composition or said second composition comprises atleast one anionic surfactant chosen from: (ii)₆—polyoxyethylenated ethercarboxylic acids and salts thereof; (ii)₇—fatty glucamide sulphates;(ii)₈—alkyl galactoside uronates; and (ii)₉—anionic derivatives of alkylpolyglucosides;  wherein said at least one cationic direct dye is chosenfrom: (A) compounds of formula (I) below:

 in which: D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; R₁ and R₂,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom;C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from a —CN radical, an —OH radical, and an —NH₂radical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical; or form, with each other or witha carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (I), a heterocycle, whichoptionally contains an oxygen heteroatom or a nitrogen heteroatom andwherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ radicals; R₃ and R′₃, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and acetyloxy radicals; X⁻is an anion; A is chosen from structures A₁ to A₁₉ below:

 in which: R₄ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which areunsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and R₅ is chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals; with the proviso that when D is —CH, when Ais A₄ or A₁₃, and when R₃ is different from an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂ do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom; (B) compounds offormula (II) below:

 in which: R₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals;R₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; alkyl radicals which may beunsubstituted or substituted with a —CN radical or an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical; or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle whichoptionally contains at least one oxygen heteroatom or nitrogenheteroatom and wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₈ and R₉,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a —CN radical; X⁻ is ananion; B is chosen from structures B1 to B6 below:

 in which: R₁₀ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₁₁ and R₁₂, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; (C) compounds of formulae (III) or (III′) below:

 in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, and anamino radical; R₁₄ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, aheterocycle which optionally contains an oxygen heteroatom and whereinsaid heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group; R₁₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom; R₁₆ and R₁₇, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; D₁ and D₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; m is an integer that equals0 or 1; X⁻ is an anion; wherein, when R₁₃ is an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are a —CH group, and m is 0; and Eis chosen from structures E1 to E8 below:

 in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; wherein, when m equals0, and when D₁ is a nitrogen atom, then E may also be chosen fromstructure E9:

 in which: R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; and (D) compounds offormula (IV) below: G—N═N—J  (IV)  in which: G is a group chosen fromstructures G₁ to G₃:

 in which: R₁₈ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radicalwhich is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorineatom, and an iodine atom; R₁₉ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and aphenyl radical; R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, arechosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical; or form, togetherin G₁, a benzene ring which is substituted with at least one radicalchosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a NO₂radical; or form, together in G₂, a benzene ring which is unsubstitutedor substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and NO₂ radicals; and R₂₀ may also bechosen from a hydrogen atom; Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphuratom, and —NR₁₉ radicals; M, K, and P, each independently of the other,are chosen from —CH, —C(C₁-C₄alkyl), and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r is 0 or 1; R₂₂is chosen from an O⁻ atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; R₂₃ and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, afluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and an —NO₂radical; X⁻ is an anion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) structures of J₁below:

 in which: R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, a —NO₂ radical, —NHR₂₈ radicals,—NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals, and —NHCO(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals; or forms, with R₂₆, a5- or 6-member ring which optionally contains at least one heteroatomchosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₆ ischosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodineatom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;or forms, with R₂₇ or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-member ring which optionallycontains at least one heteroatom chosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogenatom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OHradical, —NHR₂₈ radicals, and —NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals; R₂₈ is chosen from ahydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals,C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; and R₂₉ and R₃₀,which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradicals; and (b) wherein J is further chosen from 5- and 6- membernitrogen-containing heterocycle groups which optionally contain at leastone heteroatom and/or at least one carbonyl-containing group and whereinsaid heterocycle may be substituted or unsubstituted with at least onesubstituent chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, an amino radical, and aphenyl radical.
 47. A multicompartment dyeing kit, comprising a firstcompartment containing a first composition and a second compartmentcontaining a second composition; wherein said first compositioncomprises, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least one cationic directdye; wherein said second composition comprises, in a medium suitable fordyeing, at least one oxidizing agent; wherein either said firstcomposition or said second composition comprises at least one anionicsurfactant chosen from: (ii)₁—polyoxyethylenated ether carboxylic acidsand salts thereof; (ii)₂—fatty glucamide sulphates; (ii)₃—alkylgalactoside uronates; and (ii)₄—anionic derivatives of alkylpolyglucosides;  wherein said at least one cationic direct dye is chosenfrom: (A) compounds of formula (I) below:

 in which: D is chosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; R₁ and R₂,which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom;C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from a —CN radical, an —OH radical, and an —NH₂radical; and a 4′-aminophenyl radical; or form, with each other or witha carbon atom of the benzene ring of formula (I), a heterocycle, whichoptionally contains an oxygen heteroatom or a nitrogen heteroatom andwherein said heterocycle may be unsubstituted or substituted with atleast one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ radicals; R₃ and R′₃, which may beidentical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group,C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and acetyloxy radicals; X⁻is an anion; A is chosen from structures A₁ to A₁₉ below:

 in which: R₄ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals which areunsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxyl radical; and R₅ is chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals; with the proviso that when D is —CH, when Ais A₄ or A₁₃, and when R₃ is different from an alkoxy radical, then R₁and R₂ do not simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom; (B) compounds offormula (II) below:

 in which: R₆ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals;R₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom; alkyl radicals which may beunsubstituted or substituted with a —CN radical or an amino group; and a4′-aminophenyl radical; or forms, with R₆, a heterocycle whichoptionally contains at least one oxygen heteroatom or nitrogenheteroatom and wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted or substitutedwith at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₈ and R₉which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a —CN radical; X⁻ is ananion; B is chosen from structures B1 to B6 below:

 in which: R₁₀ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; R₁₁ and R₁₂, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; (C) compounds of formulae (III) or (III′) below:

 in which: R₁₃ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, and anamino radical; R₁₄ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; or forms, with a carbon atom of the benzene ring, aheterocycle which optionally contains an oxygen heteroatom and whereinsaid heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group; R₁₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom; R₁₆ and R₁₇, whichmay be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and C₁-C₄alkyl radicals; D₁ and D₂, which may be identical or different, arechosen from a nitrogen atom and a —CH group; m is an integer that equals0 or 1; X⁻ is an anion; wherein, when R₁₃ is an unsubstituted aminogroup, then D₁ and D₂ simultaneously are a —CH group, and m is 0; and Eis chosen from structures E1 to E8 below:

 in which R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; wherein, when m equals0, and when D₁ is a nitrogen atom, then E may also be chosen fromstructure E9:

 in which: R′ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals; and (D) compounds offormula (IV) below: G—N═N—J  (IV)  in which: G is a group chosen fromstructures G₁ to G₃:

 in which: R₁₈ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radicalwhich is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one radical chosenfrom C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorineatom, and an iodine atom; R₁₉ is chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and aphenyl radical; R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be identical or different, arechosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals and a phenyl radical; or form, togetherin G₁, a benzene ring which is substituted with at least one radicalchosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and a NO₂radical; or form, together in G₂, a benzene ring which is unsubstitutedor substituted with at least one radical chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and NO₂ radicals; and R₂₀ may also bechosen from a hydrogen atom; Z is chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulphuratom, and —NR₁₉ radicals; M, K, and P, each independently of the other,are chosen from —CH, —C(C₁-C₄ alkyl), and —NR₂₂(X⁻)_(r); r is 0 or 1;R₂₂ is chosen from an O⁻ atom, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkylradicals; R₂₃ and R₂₄, which may be identical or different, are chosenfrom a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, afluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, and an —NO₂radical; X⁻ is an anion; wherein J is chosen from: (a) structures of J₁below:

 in which: R₂₅ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals,C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals, an —OH radical, a —NO₂ radical, —NHR₂₈ radicals,—NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals, and —NHCO(C₁-C₄alkyl) radicals; or forms, with R₂₆, a5- or 6-member ring which optionally contains at least one heteroatomchosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₆ ischosen from a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodineatom, a fluorine atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, and C₁-C₄ alkoxy radicals;or forms, with R₂₇ or R₂₈, a 5- or 6-member ring which optionallycontains at least one heteroatom chosen from an oxygen atom, a nitrogenatom, and a sulfur atom; R₂₇ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, an —OHradical, —NHR₂₈ radicals, and —NR₂₉R₃₀ radicals; R₂₈ is chosen from ahydrogen atom, C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals,C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkyl radicals, and a phenyl radical; and R₂₉ and R₃₀,which may be identical or different, are chosen from C₁-C₄ alkylradicals, C₁-C₄ monohydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₂-C₄ polyhydroxyalkylradicals; and (b) wherein J is further chosen from 5- and 6-membernitrogen-containing heterocycle groups which optionally contain at leastone heteroatom and/or at least one carbonyl-containing group and whereinsaid heterocycle may be substituted or unsubstituted with at least onesubstituent chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, an amino radical, and aphenyl radical.